Technology. Injection moulding – Дани и Симо ЕООД

„Dany & Simo“ Ltd. uses the technology for plastic processing Injection moulding. The main technology advantages are: high productivity and high production accuracy – sizes reiteration, high surface quality and product strength, minimum reject, multiple plastic details with complicated forms, geometry and sizes, as well as a variety of using materials.

The injection moulding products are widely used in engineering industry, light industry, electronics, military science, packing industry and for daily usage.

Injection moulding is a high effective method for plastic details manufacturing. The success depends on the optimal mould (die) design and the shaping process. The basic injection principle is to melt the polymer and to force it into the mould cavities, where it cools and hardens and to remove the detail from the machine. The injection moulding is the most usable technology for manufacturing plastic products. A wide variety of details could be manufactured using this method, depending on their sizes, complexity and application. Three elements are needed to carry out an injection moulding: injection moulding machine, granular plastic material and mould (die). Plastic material is melted in the injection moulding machine first, then is injected into mould (die) where a detail is formed.

Basic types of plastic:

Simbol	Name	Properties	Application
	Polyethylene terephtalate	Engineering thermoplastic with semi-crystalline structure. – high strenght, – good stability and very good workability.	– bottles for soft drinks and water – packing for biscuits, – dressings for salad – оthers.
	Polyethylene (High density)	– very good wear and tear resistance.	– shopping bags, – freezer bags, – bottles for milk, shampoo and cleaners, – boxes for ice-cream and juice.
	Polyethylene (Low density)	– shock, wear and tear resistance, – chemical resistance, – electrical insulation.	– dustbins, – bags for rubbish, – bottles.
	Plastified (PVC-P) and nonplastfied (PVC-U) polyvinylchloride	– shock-resistance, – weather-resistance, – chemical and fire resistance. – could be engraved, printed and coloured.	-boxes for cosmetics, – insulation of electrical devices, – fittings, – blister packs, – materials for lining and bottles, – advertising boards, – letters and symbols.
	Polypropylene	– low specific weight and high tensile strenght, – very good physical and thermal properties – very good resistance to chemicals and organic solvents, – good workability and easy to form, punch, score and print.	– drinking straws, – microwavable packaging, – outdoor furniture, – medical and food packaging.
	Polystyrene	– very easy to work and paint, – good shock-resistance.	– compact-disc (CD/DVD) and cassette boxes, – imitation of glasses and toys.
PA6	Polyamide	– solid plastic product, – high strenght, – shock absorption, – good electrical insulation, – good slip properties, – high wear and tear resistance, – chemical resistance.	– low-strength machine parts such as engine parts or gun frames.
ABS	Acrlonitrile butadiene styrene	– low-density and high imperviousness to water polymer, – easy to be treated, sticked, and welded, – good flexibility at low temperature, – hard to be scratched and breaked.	– parts for cars, – electronic equipment cases (e.g. computer monitors, printers, keyboards) – bottles for thermos, – packs
PLA	Polylactide	– plastics prepared from biodegradable materials such as cornstarch, potatostarch and sugar beet with high substance of starch.	– plastics added to another types of plastics, mostly polypropylenes and polyethylenes, to make them biodegradable (bags, bottles).
	Other	Letters under the symbols show codes (SAN, ABS, PC, Nylon…) of plastic types, according to ISO	– automotive, mechanics, packing machines, modelling and so on.